Adult Anxiety Treatment: Comparing Medications for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a behavioral disorder that can persist throughout adulthood, characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, organization difficulties, distractibility, and forgetfulness. Anxiety, on the other hand, is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.
For those who suffer from both ADHD and anxiety, finding the right treatment can be a complex process. However, there are various medications available that can help manage the symptoms of both conditions.
Understanding ADHD Medications
ADHD drugs fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulants. Stimulant medications, such as Adderall (amphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate), are fast-acting and effective for ADHD symptoms. However, they may increase anxiety symptoms in many patients and should be used cautiously, often starting at low doses or using long-acting formulations like Vyvanse or Concerta to reduce anxiety spikes.
Nonstimulants, such as Atomoxetine (Strattera), Guanfacine, and Clonidine, are a preferred first choice due to their anxiety-friendly profile. Atomoxetine, for example, works on receptors in the central nervous system, while Intuniv (an extended formulation of guanfacine) works on brain receptors to improve attention and memory and decrease distractibility.
Treating Co-occurring Anxiety
Antidepressants, especially bupropion (Wellbutrin) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), are also used to treat anxiety and sometimes improve ADHD-related mood issues. These medications can address anxiety symptoms and may indirectly help ADHD mood symptoms.
However, it's important to note that certain ADHD medications, especially stimulant medications, can cause physical anxiety symptoms such as increased heart rate and difficulty sleeping. In such cases, pairing stimulants with anti-anxiety medications (e.g., SSRIs) can be beneficial.
Approved Medications for ADHD
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two blood pressure medications, Intuniv and Kapvay, to treat ADHD. These medications lower blood pressure and slow heart rate but may also cause drowsiness. A person can take 0.1 to 0.3 milligrams (mg) of Kapvay two to three times a day, and 1-4 mg of Intuniv daily. Kapvay has a duration of action ranging from 12 to 16 hours, while Intuniv has a duration of action of 18 hours.
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of atomoxetine include nausea and vomiting, upset stomach, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, headache, and fatigue. People taking these medications should avoid driving or operating potentially dangerous equipment until they know how the drug affects them.
The Importance of Professional Guidance
Because the treatment for ADHD and co-occurring anxiety disorders is complex and impacts mood and anxiety differently per individual, it is critical to manage it under a psychiatrist or healthcare professional experienced with both ADHD and anxiety disorders. Nonpharmacological treatments such as psychotherapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, support groups, mind-body interventions, relaxation techniques, acupuncture, Ayurveda, osteopathy, and taking herbal and dietary supplements can also help people with ADHD and anxiety symptoms.
In summary, the treatment for ADHD and co-occurring anxiety disorders is highly individualized and requires careful management. Non-stimulants like Atomoxetine (Strattera) are often the preferred first choice, while stimulant medications should be used cautiously. Antidepressants can also be effective, especially in adults with ADHD and depression or anxiety. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best treatment plan for you.
- Patients diagnosed with both ADHD and anxiety may find managing symptoms complex, but various medications offer relief.
- ADHD drugs are categorized as stimulants and nonstimulants; examples of stimulants include Adderall and Ritalin, while nonstimulants like Atomoxetine are preferred first choice due to their anxiety-friendly profile.
- Atomoxetine, for instance, operates on central nervous system receptors, while Intuniv, an extended guanfacine formulation, affects brain receptors to improve focus and reduce distractions.
- Antidepressants such as bupropion and SSRIs like Prozac and Zoloft are used to treat anxiety and sometimes alleviate ADHD-related mood issues, but they can induce physical anxiety symptoms like increased heart rate and sleep difficulties when paired with stimulants.
- The FDA has approved Intuniv and Kapvay, blood pressure medications, for ADHD treatment; they slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, and may cause drowsiness.
- Side effects of atomoxetine include nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, headache, and fatigue, warranting caution when driving or operating machinery.
- Given the intricate interplay between ADHD and anxiety in individuals, seeking treatment under a psychiatrist or healthcare professional experienced with both disorders is crucial.
- Non-pharmacological therapies like psychotherapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, mind-body interventions, support groups, acupuncture, Ayurveda, osteopathy, and herbal/dietary supplements can be beneficial adjuncts to medication therapy.
- As the treatment approach for ADHD and co-occurring anxiety disorders is highly personalized, it is essential to collaborate closely with a healthcare professional to develop an effective treatment strategy.
