Diabetes Details: Symptoms, Etiologies, Therapies, Preventive Measures, Additional Insights
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that affects how your body regulates blood sugar levels. It's essential to understand the different types of diabetes, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Diabetes Insipidus, unrelated to diabetes mellitus, is a rare condition where the kidneys remove too much fluid from the body. On the other hand, Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), also known as 'monkey type', is an autoimmune disease that attacks cells in the pancreas, preventing insulin production. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), or 'nitro type', occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin, causing sugar to build up in the blood.
T1D has three stages: pre-clinical, pre-clinical with higher blood sugar levels, and symptoms developing. Symptoms of diabetes include increased hunger, thirst, weight loss, frequent urination, blurry vision, extreme fatigue, sores that don't heal, and possible diabetic ketoacidosis.
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy caused by insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta. It's important to note that anyone can develop diabetes at any age, and women with gestational diabetes will need to monitor their blood sugar level several times per day during pregnancy.
Treatments for diabetes depend on the type. T1D and Type 1.5, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), require insulin. T2D is initially treated with lifestyle changes, pills, non-insulin injections, or insulin therapy. Gestational diabetes is treated with lifestyle changes and insulin therapy.
Counting carbohydrates is an important part of eating for those with diabetes who take insulin and manage their blood sugar levels. Healthy eating is an essential part of diabetes management for all types.
Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within 15 minutes and lasts for 2 to 4 hours, while short-acting insulin starts to work within 30 minutes and lasts 3 to 6 hours. Long-acting insulin starts to work 2 hours after injection and lasts up to 24 hours, and ultra-long acting insulin lasts 36 hours or more.
For T2D, managing the condition can involve eating or exercise changes, pills, or other medications that are not insulin. Some people with T2D effectively manage their condition with insulin. Premixed insulin starts working within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts 10 to 16 hours.
Common long-term complications of any type of diabetes include heart disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, hearing loss, foot damage, skin conditions, depression, dementia, and complications during pregnancy for gestational diabetes.
If you've received a diagnosis of prediabetes, here are a few things you can do to delay or prevent T2D: lose weight, exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and monitor your blood sugar levels.
It's important to remember that while you can lower your risk of developing T2D, it isn't guaranteed that you can always prevent it. The organization that has developed a new classification for the onset of Type 1 Diabetes in recent years is the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD).
There are currently no separate exercise guidelines for people who have gestational diabetes. General guidance is to aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week for those with T1D or T2D.
In conclusion, understanding diabetes is crucial for managing the condition effectively. By knowing the symptoms, causes, and treatments, individuals can make informed decisions about their health and work closely with healthcare professionals to manage their diabetes.
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