Hormones responsible for menopause: Estrogen and Progesterone
Menopause, a natural phase in a woman's life, is characterised by a series of complex hormonal changes that lead to typical symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep problems. This transition, divided into four phases, is marked by the decline in the production of key hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen and progesterone, the primary sex hormones produced by the ovaries, play a crucial role in various body functions, including bone health, fat metabolism, skin, and mood. During menopause, the production of these hormones decreases significantly due to aging and the depletion of ovarian oocytes (eggs). This hormonal decline results in the cessation of menstruation and accounts for many menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and changes in metabolism.
In response to the declining levels of estrogen and progesterone, the pituitary gland increases the secretion of gonadotropins, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The levels of LH and FSH rise substantially during menopause because the ovaries become less responsive to these hormones. Elevated FSH and LH levels are often used clinically as markers to confirm menopausal transition.
FSH and LH are produced in the pituitary gland and stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone, the second female sex hormone, prepares the uterine lining for a possible pregnancy, has a calming effect, influences sleep, and affects skin and bone health.
The increased levels of LH and FSH during menopause have also been associated with some cognitive changes. This hormonal shift drives the physiological and symptomatic changes observed in menopause, marking the end of reproductive capacity and influencing various bodily systems such as brain health, metabolism, and bone density.
In conclusion, understanding the role of hormones in menopause is essential for managing the symptoms and potential health risks associated with this transition. As research continues, we may uncover more about the intricate interplay of hormones during menopause and develop more effective treatments to alleviate its effects.
Science and health-and-wellness, particularly women's health, have highlighted the significance of hormonal changes during menopause, which is marked by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone production. Elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are produced in response to the declining levels of estrogen and progesterone, have been associated with various menopausal symptoms and cognitive changes.
