Infectious Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Infectious arthritis, also known as septic arthritis, is a serious condition where an infection spreads to the joint, causing severe pain and swelling. It often affects large joints like the knee, hip, or shoulder, and is more common in children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems.
Infectious arthritis occurs when bacteria, fungi, or viruses enter the joint, usually through the bloodstream from another part of the body. Risk factors include joint problems, previous surgery, skin conditions, and immune system suppression. Symptoms include severe joint pain, swelling, warmth, fever, and fatigue.
Diagnosis involves examining the joint, testing synovial fluid, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment begins with antibiotics for bacterial infections, often intravenously. Other treatments include oral antibiotics for six to eight weeks, antifungal medication for fungal infections, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, resting the joint, splinting, and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to wash out the joint or replace it after the infection has been treated.
Infectious arthritis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. It can lead to permanent joint damage if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications and ensure a full recovery.
