Loneliness potentially boosts Parkinson's disease risks.
In a groundbreaking study published on October 2, researchers have found an association between loneliness and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The study, which involved over 491,000 participants with a follow-up period of 15 years, uncovered this link independent of depression, genetics, and other prominent risk factors.
During the 15-year follow-up, 2,822 people in the study developed Parkinson's disease. Those who reported feeling lonely were more likely to be female, have fewer resources, be less likely to have a college degree, have more health risks, and have worse overall physical and mental health.
The potential causes of the link between loneliness and Parkinson's disease are multifaceted. Loneliness can lead to reduced mental stimulation, worsening cognitive decline, and increased depression, which negatively impact brain chemistry and brain regions involved in memory and executive function. Additionally, the loss of social roles due to Parkinson’s, such as retirement changes, can lead to decreased community engagement, lowered purpose, and increased loneliness, which do not benefit brain health or Parkinson’s symptom management.
The effects of loneliness on Parkinson’s disease are significant. Loneliness and social isolation can contribute to poorer mental health, increased stress, and lack of physical and cognitive activities, all of which may exacerbate Parkinson’s progression and reduce quality of life. People with Parkinson’s who are lonely often experience more severe symptoms and have worse overall outcomes. Furthermore, caregivers of people with Parkinson’s can also experience loneliness and stress, indirectly affecting care quality and patient well-being.
Engaging in social, community, or exercise groups can help mitigate these negative effects by providing social support and cognitive stimulation. Modern medical practice recognizes social determinants of health as an integral part of understanding risk and planning care. The Endeavor Foundation suggests joining a club or community group, attending a community event, volunteering, enrolling in a workshop or adult education course, reconnecting with past friends, and being open to saying yes as ways to make friends and minimize loneliness.
Dr. Andrew Feigin, a Parkinson's and movement disorders specialist, noted that loneliness can result in depression and potentially negatively impact Parkinson's. Dr. Melita Petrossian, a neurologist, notes that individuals with Parkinson's may experience apathy, which is a lack of motivation to socialize. Dr. Pietro Mazzoni, a neurologist specializing in treating Parkinson's, clarified that the study found an association between pre-existing loneliness and subsequently being diagnosed with Parkinson's.
Laura Boxley, PhD, a clinical neuropsychologist, emphasizes the importance of social relationships in health and well-being. Dr. Melita Petrossian suggests that people with Parkinson's should have a few close friends, several more acquaintances, and a network of relationships to help combat loneliness.
The study adds to growing evidence that loneliness impacts health, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. Addressing loneliness through purposeful social engagement and support is important to improve outcomes for people with Parkinson’s.
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