Unstable Angina: A Medical Emergency Requiring Immediate Attention
Unstable angina, a severe form of chest pain, is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. It occurs when blood flow to the heart is suddenly reduced, causing severe discomfort. This condition is a type of acute coronary syndrome, distinct from stable angina and NSTEMI, and signals a high risk of heart attack.
Unstable angina happens when coronary arteries narrow or block due to ruptured atherosclerotic plaques, leading to oxygen deprivation in the heart muscle. Unlike stable angina, it occurs unexpectedly, even at rest, and lasts longer than 20 minutes. Symptoms also include pain in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach, shortness of breath, fatigue, lightheadedness, and nausea.
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, medical history, and tests like ECG, blood tests, stress tests, and imaging. Treatment combines medications such as nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, and ranolazine, along with lifestyle changes and medical procedures. Early intervention is crucial to prevent serious complications like heart attack or death.
Unstable angina is a severe condition that requires immediate attention. Prompt treatment, combining medications and lifestyle changes, can lead to a good prognosis. However, untreated, it can result in serious complications. Understanding its symptoms and seeking immediate medical help is vital for those experiencing this condition.
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